The most plausible theory for the whipping was that it served as an initiation, he says, as ritualized “sexual play”
https://time.com/5527259/valentines-day-lupercalia/
The name Lupercalia was believed in antiquity to evince some connection with the Ancient Greek festival of the Arcadian Lykaia, a wolf festival (Greek: λύκος, lýkos; Latin: lupus), and the worship of Lycaean Pan, assumed to be a Greek equivalent to Faunus, as instituted by Evander.[5] Justin describes a cult image of "the Lycaean god, whom the Greeks call Pan and the Romans Lupercus", as nude, save for a goatskin girdle.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupercalia
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